IEEE Referencing

Reference Page

Remember, you must have a reference section! Please follow the IEEE (Instute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) style shown here. STYLE here refers to the type of information, the order, and punctuation of the information. List the references in the numerical order in which they were cited in your text.

EXAMPLE

Below is an excerpt from an article which shows how the citations are used and what the corresponding references look like. 

Text Excerpt:

Surface micromachining has been developed more recently. For silicon, a modified CMOS process has been used, based on the deposition of SiO2 and polysilicon, followed by lithography and dry etching of the polysilicon to form shallow (typically <10mm) features. The SiO2 is then removed to provide clearances and allow motion. Because etch selectivity is achieved using different materials, restrictions on feature shape are largely avoided. Repetitive use of this cycle has allowed the fabrication of mechanisms [9]-[12], rotary actuators [13], and linear actuators [14]-[16]. Sacrificial processing is now being extended to other materials (e.g. metals [17]-[19] and thin-film diamond [20]).

These are the citations.

These citations are put there because the author is either talking about what other people have done or is using their ideas. Below are some of the references listed for the excerpt above. Take note of the style. STYLE means the spacing, commas, capitalisation, quotation marks, and the order of the information.````
And these are the corresponding references.

[9] L. S. Fan, Y. C. Tai, and R. S. Muller, "Pin joints, gears, springs, cranks, and other novel microstructures," in Tech. Dig., 4th Int. Conf. On Solid-state Actuators and Sensors, Tokyo, Japan, June 1987, pp. 849-852.
[10] M. Mehregany, K. J. Gabriel, and W. S. N. Trimmer, "Micro gears and turbines etched from silicon," Sensors and Actuators, Vol. 12, pp. 341-348, 1987.
[11] _______, "Integrated fabrication of polysilicon mechanisms," IEEE Trans. Electron Dev., Vol. 35, pp. 719-723, 1988.
[12] H. Guckel and D. W. Burns, "Fabrication of micromachined devices from polysilicon films and smooth surfaces," Sensors and Actuators, Vol. 20, pp.117-122, 1989.
[13] L. S. Fan, Y. C. Tai, and R. S. Muller, "IC-processed electrostatic micromotors," Sensors and Actuators, Vol. 20, pp. 41-47, 1989.
[14] W. C. Tang, T.-C. H. Nguyen, and R. T. Howe, "Laterally driven polysilicon resonant microstructures," Sensors and Actuators, Vol 20, pp. 25-32, 1989.
[15] T. Furuhata, T. Hirano, K. J. Gabriel, and H. Fujita, "Sub-micron gaps without sub-micron etching," in Tech. Dig., IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Workshop, Nara, Japan, Jan. 30-Feb. 2, 1991, pp. 57-62.

Book example

[1] G. S. Maddala, Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983.

[2] C.E. Shannon, "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits," Trans. Am. Inst, Elect. Engrs., vol. 57, pp. 713-23, 1983.

Journal examples

[3] T. Tamara, M. Tsutsumi, H. Aoi, N. Matsuishi, N. Hagagoshi, S. Kawano and M. Makita, "A Coding Method in Digital Magnetic Recording," IEEE Trans. Magnetics, MAG 8, pp. 612-14, 1972.

Data book examples

[4] MOSTEK Microcomputer Components Data Book , 
Mostek, Carrollton, Texas, 1979.

[5] The TTL Data Book for Design Engineers, 6th European ed., Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas, Texas, 1983.

Product information guide example

[6] Z-80 DART Dual Asynchronous Receiver/ Transmitter Product Specification, Zilog, Inc., Cupertino, California, 1979.

Technical manual example

[7] Z80-CPU Z80A-CPU Technical Manual, Zilog, Inc., Cupertino, California, 1978.

Reference manual example

[8] MC68000 16- / 32-bit Microprocessor Programmers' Reference Manual, 4th ed., Motorola, Inc., Geneva, Switzerland, 1984.

Applications handbook example

[9] Memory Applications Handbook, National Semiconductor Corp., Santa Clara, California, 1978.

Data catologue example

[10] Component Data Catalog, Intel Corp., Santa Clara.

CD-ROM example

[11] Zieger, Herman E., Aldehyde, The Software Toolworks Multimedia Encyclopaedia. Vers 1.5. Software Toolworks, Boston: Grolier, 1992.

WWW example with date web site accessed.
[12] Burka, Lauren P., "A Hypertext History of Multi-User Dimensions", MUD
(5 Dec 1994)

By Michael Vallance (with thanks to Phil Bungum for helping develop this information).